Prolonged sun exposure is one of the leading causes of skin cancer, a condition that has seen a significant rise in incidence over recent years. Understanding the risks associated with excessive sun exposure is crucial for effective prevention and early detection.

Skin cancer primarily develops due to the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. There are two main types of UV rays: UVA and UVB. UVA rays penetrate deeply into the skin and can cause premature aging, while UVB rays are primarily responsible for sunburn. Both types of UV radiation can damage the DNA in our skin cells, leading to mutations that may eventually cause cancer.

There are three main types of skin cancer linked to prolonged sun exposure:

• Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): The most common form of skin cancer, BCC usually appears as a small, shiny bump or a scaly patch. It generally grows slowly and is less likely to spread to other parts of the body.
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): SCC is the second most common skin cancer, often appearing as a firm red nodule or a flat sore with a scaly crust. While it can be more aggressive than BCC, early detection often leads to successful treatment.
• Melanoma: This is the most dangerous type of skin cancer, known for its ability to spread to other organs rapidly. Melanoma may appear as a new spot on the skin or a change in an existing mole, and it is characterized by asymmetry, irregular borders, multiple colors, and a diameter larger than 6mm.

Factors that contribute to the risk of developing skin cancer include:

• Prolonged unprotected sun exposure, especially during peak hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.)
• A history of severe sunburns, particularly in childhood
• Use of tanning beds, which expose the skin to concentrated UV rays
• Fair skin, light hair, and light-colored eyes
• A family history of skin cancer
• Weakened immune system due to certain medical conditions or medications

Preventing skin cancer involves taking measures to minimize sun exposure and protect your skin:

• Use Sunscreen: Broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 should be applied generously and reapplied every two hours, especially after swimming or sweating.
• Seek Shade: Whenever possible, stay in shaded areas and take breaks from direct sunlight.
• Wear Protective Clothing: Long-sleeved shirts, wide-brimmed hats, and UV-blocking sunglasses can provide additional defense against UV radiation.
• Regular Skin Checks: Performing self-examinations of your skin and seeking dermatological evaluations annually can help with early detection of skin cancer.

Being aware of the risks associated with prolonged sun exposure and taking preventative actions is essential for maintaining healthy skin. By protecting yourself from UV radiation, you can significantly reduce the likelihood of developing skin cancer and ensure your skin remains healthy for years to come.